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RUSSIAN
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INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF BELARUS
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Department of High-Molecular Compaunds
Laboratory of Ion Exchange and Sorption
Laboratory of Membrane Processes
Laboratory of Organic Electrolytes
Group of Mechano-chemistry of High-Molecular Compounds
Group of Synthesis and Study of Adhesion Polymers
Department of Organic Chemistry
Laboratory of Organoelement Compounds
Laboratory of Organic Catalysis
Research Group of Synthesis and Investigation of Organic
Peroxides
Department of Medicinal Substances
Laboratory of Heterogeneous Catalysis
Laboratory of Light Polarizing Films
Laboratory of Spectroscopy and Electronic Microscopy
Laboratory of Radio and Mass Spectroscopy
Laboratory of Physicochemical Metods
Information-Patent Department
Group of Computer Facilities
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DEPARTMENT OF HIGH-MOLECULAR
COMPOUNDS
Head - Dr.Sci. (Chemistry) Academician, Professor Vladimir Soldatov
Laboratory of Ion
Exchange and Sorption
Head - Dr.Sci. (Chemistry) Academician, Professor Vladimir Soldatov
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At the Laboratory research works are being carried out by three groups
concerned with synthesis and studying properties of ion exchange fibers;
purification of air and water; computer quantum-chemical simulation of ion
exchange systems.
The main scientific directions of the group dealing with synthesis and
studying properties of ion exchange fibers (Head, Cand.Sci.(Chem.)
A.Shunkevich) are development of methods and technologies of new ion exchange
fibers and studies of their physicochemical, mechanical and sorption
properties.
The methods of preparing ion exchange fibers FIBAN®
containing different functional groups: sulfoacidic, strong-basic,
carboxylic, weak-basic, aminocarboxylic, helate iminodiacetatic, mixed
strong-, weak-basic, mixed potassium-cobalt ferrocianide - impregnated have
been developed.
Ion exchange fibers found application in air and water purification from
ionizable impurities (acids, bases, salts, radionuclides etc.).
The main scientific direction of the group dealing with air and water
purification (Head, Cand.Sci.(Chem.) I.S.Elinson) is the development of
methods and facilities for air and water purification, with use of ion
exchange fibrous materials as well as the study of their physicochemical and
sorption properties (ECOFIL DECO).
Frame ion exchange filters (FIF) for air purification from toxic gases of
acid and basic nature with a capacity from 0.5 to 25 th. m3/h are
designed. Filters have found use at many tens of industrial enterprises of
Belarus, Russia, and the Ukraine.
A light-weight facility for respiratory organ protection from acid gases and
aerosols (HF, SiF4, H2SO4) with simultaneous
protection from dust, smoke and mist, namely, a respirator "Akatsiya
GP-V"-type is designed.
Systematic investigations of sorption of heavy metal ions by fibrous ion
exchangers from aqueous media have permitted the development and commercial
production of the first in Belarus individual free-flow filter for
purification of potable water "Krynichka".
The subjects of research work of the group of computer quantum-chemical
simulation (Head, Cand.Sci.(Chem.) V.M.Zelenkovsky) are theoretical
investigations and computer simulation of physicochemical properties of ion
exchangers and ion exchange processes in complex polyatomic systems.
The methods developed allow evaluation of the effect of space structure of
polymer networks on the properties of ion exchangers. According to these
methods, a network is represented as a set of a small number of elementary
fragments.
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Laboratory of Membrane
Processes
Dr.Sci. (Chemistry) Alexandr Bildyukevich
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The Laboratory was organized in 1987 on
the base of the Institute and the Research Institute of Physicochemical
Problems at the Belarusian State University.
The main scientific directions are:
- development of synthesis methods and manufacturing processes of ultra- and
microfiltration membranes MIFIL®
based on a wide range of polymers;
- development of membrane separation processes of liquid mixtures;
development of large-scale integrated assembles for water treatment and
high-quality drinking water preparation;
- hardware designing for water purification processes.
Production of a base variety of membranes and membrane elements have been
brought to a commercial level:
ultrafiltration membranes from cellulose and its derivatives, polysulfone,
aromatic polyamides, acrylonitrile copolymers; microfiltration aliphatic
polyamide-based membranes; modified membranes with increased rejection to
mean-size molecules; ultra- and microfiltration installations based on
flat-frame, cassette, and hollow fibre membrane elements; domestic filters
for tap water purification. Membrane separation processes in food,
pharmaceutical, manufacturing, waste water purification and a number of other
fields were developed and introduced into service at dozens of commercial
plants of Belarus, Russia and the Ukraine.
The Republican Scientific and Technical Program "Membranes" has
been successfully completed. Studies on development of new membrane elements
with improved technical characteristics and multi-purpose filters for water
purification are in progress.
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Laboratory
of Organic Electrolytes
Head - Cand.Sci. Vasilii Matusevich
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The Laboratory was organized on the base of the Research Group of Ion
Exchange Soils at the Institute and a group of researchers at the Institute
of Chemistry of New Materials in 1999. Its main scientific directions are the
development of preparation methods, application and investigation of
physicochemical properties of new polyelectrolytes and organic electrolytes,
ion exchange substrates used for plant cultivation, new technologues air and
water purification.
Artificial ion exchange substrates BIONA® for
plant cultivation and multiplication under man-made conditions were developed
from the studies of ion exchange equilibria of biogenic ions on different
natural and synthetic ion exchangers. Granular and fibrous substrates were
prepared and permitted. 1-3 kg and more of a green biomass of plants per 1 kg
of substrate to be obtained without additional fertilizing, which corresponds
to a yield capacity of 100-500 kg per 1 m2 of a crop area.
The pilot-production technology of granular ion exchange substrates were
worked out.
In cooperation with the Belarusian Research Institute of Potato Growing, a
new substate BIONA-based technology for fast potato reproduction is developed
and permits the rooting of improved potato grafts in vivo. In collaboration
with the Institute of Medicobiological Problems at the Ministry of Health of
Russia, new fibrous substrate nutrients are being developed for the Space
greenhouse "Vitacycle".
Joint studies on use of small additions of ion exchange substrates BIONA®
for recultivation of depleted and barren soils are in progress in
association with the Lublin Agricultural Academy and the Technical University
of Lublin. The Laboratory has at its disposal a large-scale pilot plant for
ion exchange substrate preparation.
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Self-Financing Group of
Mechanochemistry of High-
Molecular Compounds
Head - Sergei Azizbekyan
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The Group was founded in 1994 to conduct studies on mechanochemistry of high-molecular compounds.
Technologies for mechanochemical activation of carboxyl methylcellulose
solutions are developed, the relevant commercial equipment is manufactured
and implemented, allowing a reagent cosumption reduction by 20%.
The mechanism of the mechanochemical gluey ability of the solutions of
natural polysaccharides (starches) is clarified and the production equipment
is manufactured. The manufacturing process is implemented at three
concentrating mills of the Production Association (PA)
"Belaruskalij" (the town of Soligorsk).
A large complex of studies is made of potato (pulp) reprocessing waste
reclamation by mechanomodification in high-speed desintegrators that provide
complete release and simultaneous glueying of pulp-bound starch grains. The
technology, equipment, design documentation are developed. The plant for
wasteless production of a reagent-depressor from local raw materials is put
in service.
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Group of Synthesis and
Study of Adhesion Polymers
Head - Cand.Sci. (Chemistry) Alexandr Valendo
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The main scientific direction is concerned with investigating catalytic
polymerization of olefins, synthesis and studies of polymers with high
adhesion properties, and those with improved thermal stability.
High-active catalytic systems for polymerizing α-olefins are developed
and the mechanism of modifying action of additional organometallic components
in complex organometallic catalysts is studied. The synthesis of ultrahigh
molecular polyethylene (UHMPE) with a high yield and a molecular mass from
1x106 to 20x106 Dalton is elaborated. Composite UHMPE
materials with enhanced stability, electrical and thermal conductivity,
antifriction properties are prepared. They can find use in different
industries that manufacture friction unit parts, anticorrosion and antifriction
coatings, face sealing parts, members that operate in chemical aggressive
media as well as in radio engineering, etc.
High-adhesion copolymers of styrene and diene hydrocarbons are synthesized.
Based on them, glue and varnish compositions are prepared for shoe and radio
electronics industries.
Methods for synthesizing film-forming polyimides and polyimide materials are
developed for interlayer insulation and passivation in production of
large-scale integrated circuits.
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DEPARTMENT OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Head - Dr.Sci. (Chemistry), Corresponding Member, Vladimir Potkin
Laboratory of
Organoelement Compounds
Head - Dr.Sci. (Chemistry), Corresponding Member, Vladimir Potkin
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The Laboratory has been organized by Corresponding Member of BSSR Academy
of Sciences, Professor Dr. Yu.A.Ol'dekop on the basis of former Laboratory of
organic chemistry of the Institute of Chemistry.
The main research fields are synthesis of organometallic compounds (OM) and
polyfunctional organohalogen compounds.
A new reaction: initiated decarboxylation of mercury dicylates, leading to
organomercury acylates, unknown thus far, has been discovered and studied in
detail. This reaction has been found to proceed by homolytical chain
mechanism, and convenient preparative methods for organomercurials have been
developed on its basis. A method of synthesis of arylmercury salts has been
proposed, based on reaction of aroyl peroxides with mercury(I) acylates.
A general way of preparation of transition metal π-complexes by
electrolysis of CH-acids (cyclopentadienes, fulvenes, indenes,
β-diketones, carborane derivatives) has been developed using sacrificial
anodes of the respective metals. Efficient preparative methods have been
proposed for metallocene and metallocarborane derivatives of iron, cobalt and
nickel, including the respective heteroligand analogues, as well as
β-diketonate complexes of a large number of transition metals.
Organometallics of formerly unknown types have been synthesized and
characterized. Some of these manifested properties which make them
interesting as potential catalysts, auxiliary substances for
microelectronics, structure-forming compositions for petroleum products and
other organic liquids.
A new method of synthesis of various polychlorobutenes and -butanes has been
developed. New highly reactive and selective reagents - nitro-substituted
halobutadienes - have been introduced into organic synthetic practice. (V.
Potkin, R. Kaberdin). On the basis of these compounds, a number of difficult
accessible polyfuntional compounds of various classes have been synthesized.
New free-radical rearrangements involving 1.2-migrations of chlorine atom
have been discovered. Nucleophilic C=C bond cleavage has been established to
proceed under the action of alcohols. A new reaction of nitro compounds has
been discovered, which can be a convenient route to isothiazole ring
formation.
In the course of these studies, promissing substances with pesticide, anti-microbial
and anti-tumor activities have been synthesized.
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Laboratory
of Organic Catalysis
Head - Dr.Sci. (Chemistry) Nikolai Kozlov
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The Laboratory has been created in 1935
by Professor N.Kozlov. The main field of activity: development of synthetic
methods for alicyclic and heteroaromatic nitrogen-containing derivatives of
terpenes and phenanthrenes, as well as investigation of their chemical
transformations.
Transformations of terpenes under conditions of acid catalysis have been
studied. Methodology of a profound structural modification of compounds of
natural origin has been developed, allowing to perform syntheses of novel
nitrogen-containing substances, including prostaglandine synthons.
On the basis of catalytic azomethine condensation with CH-acids (the Kozlov
synthesis), new efficient preparative methods for fused nitrogen-containing
heterocycles of benzo[a]phenanthridine, benzo[f]quinoline, indeno[c]- and
indeno[f]quinoline, 4.7-phenanthroline series containing active pharmacophore
groups have been developed. An alternative synthetic approach to anellated
aza- and diaza phenanthrene derivatives: a three-component condensation of
cyclic mono- or β-diketones with synthetic precursors of azomethines:
2-naphtyl- or 2-quinolylamine, and aromatic (hetroaromatic) aldehydes has
been proposed. The pathway of a three-component condensation has been
established as a function of structure of carbonyl compounds and the reaction
conditions. Syntheses of a large number of formerly unknown biologically
active compounds of azaphenanthrene series with expected anti-bacterial,
anti-ferment, antiviral or hypotensive properites have been carried out.
A number of quaternary ammonium bases has been obtained, and their antistatic
properties studied.
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Research Group of Synthesis
and Investigation of Organic Peroxides
Head - Cand.Sci. (Chemistry) Konstantin Moiseichuk
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The main research field is development of synthetic methods for organic
and organoelement peroxides, investigation of their thermal stability and
useful properties, as well as synthesis of amphiphilic compounds.
Non-traditional synthetic pathways have been developed for synthesis of
organic and organoelement peroxides, based on reactivity of C≡CH group
of peroxy alkynes. A metallation reaction, formerly unknown for peroxy
alkynes, has been discovered. This allows to perform syntheses of mercury,
silver and lithium peroxyacetylenides which are new reagents in syntheses of
difficult accessible functionally substituted peroxides. On the basis of
these reagents, preparative methods for new-type peroxy alkynes have been
developed: peroxy group containing alkyne acids, ketones, aldehydes,
alcohols, alkynyl phosphonates, organosilicon compounds, as well as long-chain
peroxides, carborane- and ferocene-containing peroxides.
A convenient preparative method for diperoxy ketals, diperoxy acetals, peroxy
esters has been developed using trimethylchlorosilane as reagent.
Various ways of obtaining hydroxy- and carboxy-substituted long-chain
diacetylenic compounds have been proposed, which are interesting as
amphiphilic compounds.
A number of peroxides are efficient cross-linked agents for polyethylene;
they promote polyolefine adhesion to copper, aluminium, steel, nickel.
Commercial manufacture of hydroperite is performed. Solution composition
based on organosilcon compounds has been developed, which is used for
planarization procedure in the course of integral scheme production.
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DEPARTMENT OF
MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES
Head - Dr.Sci. (Chemistry) Zoya Kuvaeva
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The Department was organized on the basis of the Laboratory of Ion
Exchange Extraction in 1999.
The Department comprises three research groups: microbiology (Head,
Cand.Sci. (Engng) N.Yakimovich), extraction (Head, Cand.Sci.(Chem.)
A.Mikulich), organic synthesis (Head, Cand.Sci. (Chem.) D.Lopatik)
and the Laboratory of Aminoacid Pharmacology (Head, Dr.Sci. (Medicine)
B.Dubovik).
The principal scientific directions are:
· selection of commercial cultures of microorganisms producing
aminoacids, vitamins, and enzymes. Development of biosynthesis of
biologically active substances;
· study of interaction of ion exchange extractants with biologically active
substances to develop technological processes of their separation from
microbiological synthesis media;
· synthesis and study of the properties of organic compounds used as
medicinal preparations;
· study of pharmacological activity of aminoacids, their derivatives and
compositions as potential medicinal drugs.
At the Department the following most important investigations have been
conducted:
· a new stock-strain of a producer of L-leucine with enhanced activity is
developed;
compositions of nutrient media necessary for production of indispensable
aminoacids are prepared and optimized;
· a complex of investigations in the field of ion exchange extraction is
carried out and has allowed the basic regularities of interion and
intermolecule interactions in liquid sulfocationites (sulfoextractants) to be
found and those of extraction processes of ionized substances of different
nature (inorganic, simple organic and dipole ions) to be established;
· separating processes of aminoacids from microbiological synthesis media are
developed.
The research fundamentals of these investigations are implemented at the
Grodno Factory of Medical Preparations. The nomenclature of this factory
includes high-purified aminoacids of medical purpose and medicinal
preparations of different therapy action that are based on compositions of
aminoacids and their derivatives.
Original ways of syntheses of a number of aminoacids, their derivatives as
well as other organic compounds with pharmacological activity are developed.
New production processes for preparations of different therapy action are
created and implemented. These are: Asparcam (preparation for
cardiovascular disease treatment), Taurine (radioprotector
preparation), Leucine (immunocorrector), Teturame and Glian
(antialcohol preparations). Antitumor, antianemia, hepatoprotector,
antinarcotic preparations are in the development stage.
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Laboratory of Heterogeneous
Catalysis
Head - Dr.Sci. (Engineering), Professor Yurii Yegiazarov
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The Laboratory was organized on the basis of the Laboratory of Petroleum
Chemistry in 1996.
The principal scientific direction is the synthesis of
heterogeneous-catalytic systems for oxidation-reduction and acid-base
reactions as well as the investigation of the nature and regularities of
active phase formation, kinetics and mechanisms of occurring reactions.
Catalytic systems for production of reactive monomers and high-octane
components of motor fuel, gas sulphur (Claus' process), cyclohexanol
dehydration, purification of gas effluents of commercial plants, and road
transport are developed.
Methods of modifying aluminium and titanium oxides, zeolites and
zeolite-containing systems are worked out; the regularities of metal-carrier
interaction depending on the metal nature and physicochemical properties of a
carrier are established.
Investigations on the synthesis of catalytic systems based on organic
polymeric fibrous ion exchangers for ecological processes are being carried
out.
A titanium-oxide catalyst of the Claus process (Joint Company "Mozyr
Petroleum Refining Plant"), copper-titanium calcium and nickel-chromium
palladium catalysts for exhaust-gas neutralization, a copper-zinc catalyst
for cyclohexanol dehydration (Grodno PA "Azot"), a palladium-titanium-calcium
catalyst for exhaust-gas detoxication (Novopoltsk PA "Polimir"), a
procedure for petrol-solvent purification from olefins (Novopoltsk PA
"Naftan") have found use in industry.
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Laboratory
of Light Polarizing Films
(double
subordination)
Head - Dr.Sci.(Chemistry), Corresponding Member, Professor Vladimir Agabekov
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The Laboratory was organized in 1998 as
the joint laboratory of the Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry of the
NASB and the Institute of Chemistry of New Materials.
The main scientific directions are: development of materials and
manufacturing processes of different type film polarizers used in
liquid-crystal (LC) information displays for UV, IR and visible spectra.
A manufacturing technology of light polarizing films for LC information
displays is elaborated. Pilot-production of film transmission and
reflection-type polarizers for LC indicators are made.
Developed are:
- a composition for manufacturing polyvinylalcohol-based films and method of
adding dichroic dyes to them;
- a composition for manufacturing reflecting and semitranslucent layers,
coating to adhere a polarizer to an LC indicator surface;
- a manufacturing process of film polyiodide- and polyvinylalcohol-based
polarizers of transmission and reflection type.
The Laboratory has a pilot-production line of film polarizers.
Investigations on thermostable polarizers containing organic dichroic dyes
and production technologies of a film semitranslucent-type polarizer are in
progress.
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Laboratory
of Spectroscopy and Electronic Microscopy
Head - Cand.Sci. (Chemistry) Evgenii Skakovskii
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The Laboratory was formed in 1996. It meets the needs of the Institute for
NMR investigations, optical spectroscopy, and electronic microscopy.
The principal scientific directions are:
- investigation of temperature influence on photochemical reactions; studies
of magnetic and spin effects (chemical and optical polarization of nuclei;
influence of magnetic fields on the course of chemical reactions; magnetic
isotope effect);
- analysis of the influence of weak ultrasonic oscillations on chemical
reactions; investigation of structure of organic and inorganic compounds in
UV, visible and IR regions;
- study of the microstructure of different-class polymeric objects.
The mechanisms and the kinetic parameters of photo- and thermodecomposition
reactions of different-class organic compounds are studied. For the first
time the optical polarization of protons of water and dissolved in it
substances under irradiation of heterogeneous systems due to light absorbed
by polymeric current-conducting films is observed. The magnetic isotope
effect in a gas phase and influence of ultrasonic waves with a power below
the cavitation threshold on photochemical reactions are revealed.
A computer program is developed and allows fine-structure analysis by an
derivative spectroscopy method as well as fitting of a contour of a complex
IR spectral distribution by elementary bands, not having a priori information
about the number and spectral parameters of these bands. Use of this program
has permitted new data on the structure of aluminium hydroxides: gibbsite,
bayerite, and boehmite to be obtained.
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Laboratory of Radio and
Mass Spectroscopy
Head - Cand.Sci. (Engineering) Igor Ugolev
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The Laboratory was founded in 1997. The scientific direction is associated
with investigating the properties of organic and inorganic compounds to
design chemical radiation monitors.
Variations in physicochemical properties of alkali-earth metal dithionates
subjected to ionizing radiation (gamma-, X-ray, beta) are studied. The
chemical barium dithionate-based radiation monitor (Specs RB 0.35.95
196.040-98) and the chemical spin-resonance radiation monitor DB-1 are
designed. The methods of measuring an absorbed dose of X-ray radiation are
developed by using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) device
(14801519.EIS.1998002-01-MVI).
Systematic investigations of the sorption properties of fibrous ion
exchangers of FIBAN type in relation to radionuclides Cs-137 and Sr-90 (in
cooperation with the Laboratory of Ion Exchange and Sorption) have permitted
a number of preparation methods of water and milk sampling to be created for
subsequent determination of the Cs-137 and Sr-90 contents according to the
assignments of the State Scientific and Technical Program
"Radioecology". The methods developed are approved by the State
Standard authorities of the Republic of Belarus and are put into the state
register.
The Laboratory provides the research subdivisions of the Institute with
electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and radiometry measurements. The methods of
spin and radioactive marks have found wide use.
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Laboratory of
Physicochemical Methods
Head - Cand. Sci. (Engineering) Aleksandr Potapovich
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The Laboratory was organized in 1972 to provide the Institute's
investigations with modern physicochemical methods.
At present the Laboratory provides the Institute with the following methods:
- atomic-absorption spectroscopy (Spectr AA200 Varian);
- classic microanalysis of organic compounds, solid and liquid, for the
following elements: H, C, N, Br, J, S, Na, B, Si, P, metals forming stable
oxides;
- ion chromatography. Chromatograph "Tsvet 3006" is used to
determine content of anions Cl-, F-, Br-, NO3-,
SO42-, PO43- in aqueous media;
- thermal differential analysis. Organic and inorganic compounds are being
examined in an inert medium and air;
- X-ray diffractometry. A phase composition of inorganic compounds and a
crystallinity degree of polymeric materials are being determined.
The most important are the following developments: interpretation of the
so-called "oxygen effect" in EPR spectroscopy of carbon-containing
materials; floating microheterogeneity model used for explaining complex
spectra of NMR solid hydrated compounds; investigations of the anomalous
kinetics of thermal decomposition of dithionates; concepts of dissociation of
coordinated water in solid hydrates and allied new models for acid-base
catalyst action have found acknowledgement of research community (V.
Makatun).
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Information - Patent
Department
Head - Tamara Borodina
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The Department was set up in 1963. It provides the researchers of the
Institute with scientific-technical and patent information in the fields of
their scientific activity. It is dealing with preparing information and
advertising materials about the Institute and its developments and with
arranging the Institute's participation in exhibitions.
The Department takes part in revealing the objects of the Institute's
production property and provides for their legal protection in the Republic
of Belarus and abroad. It concludes license contracts on the use of
scientific and technical developments and patented inventions.
The Institute has received more than 900 author's certificates of the USSR
and patents of the Republic of Belarus and Russian Federation.
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Group
of Computer Facilities
Head - Mikhail Zhamoizdik
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The Group was organized in 1996 to
centrolize computer maintenance at the Institute. It is the Group's duty to
complete computer hardware and program products as well as to perform prompt
diagnostics, remove faults and provide maintenance.
In 1997 a local computer network was organized, allowing an E-mail to be used
by the Institute's researchers and providing access to the Academic Network
"BASNET" and "INTERNET".
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HOME ABOUT FIBAN BIONA MIFIL AMINOACIDS |
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Address: 13 Surganov street,
Minsk 220072, Belarus
Tel: (375 17) 2842373, Fax: (375 17) 2840973
E-mail: fiban@ifoch.bas-net.by, info@ifoch.bas-net.by
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